Capsicum annuum sweet pepper, cayenne pepper, chili pepper. Ornamental pepper plant capsicum annuum growing and. Vallad botany and planting bell pepper capsicum annuum, solanaceae. Furthermore, the utilization of a geographic framework of.
Capsicum annuum is the most widely cultivated chilli in the world, both commercial and private. Elumalai plant biology and biotechnology department, presindency college, autonomous chennai 600 005 india. Pepper treatments, most common diseases and pests of this. Mulching can help to conserve water and reduce weeds.
Plants of this species are quite varied but generally grow in shrubby mounds to 14 tall and feature star to bellshaped white or yellow flowers and lanceshaped to oval medium green leaves. Although grown in vegetable gardens for many years, peppers are becoming increasingly popular as ornamentals. Capsicum annuum is a vegetable plant that produces ornamental and culinary fruit. Capsicum plants are native to tropical areas and cannot survive in cold conditions. Guide on growing capsicum greenmylife anyone can garden. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion. If proper care is taken during its growth, it may yield 10 to 12 tonnes of quality fruits per hectare. Weber, in handbook on natural pigments in food and beverages, 2016. Capsicum frutescens cayenne capsaicin is the major active constituent of the cayenne pepper, capsicum frutescens and capsicum annuum. Capsicum annuum l a bewildering variety of colourful and spicy fruits make capsicum peppers instantly recognisable to both gardeners and chefs. Capsicum species are shrubs annuals in cultivation and as weeds that produce flowers with mostly stellate to rotate corollas exceptionally also urceolate or campanulate that show diverse patterns of pigmentation, and fleshy, mostly globose berries of different sizes and colours figs 1 and 2. The fruit morphology revealed attenuated fruit shape with rounded surfaces in var. The novelty of the information of this manuscript resides in the addition of species distribution modeling and paleobiolinguistics data, combined with genetic and existing archaeobotanical data, to trace back the geographic origin of a crop, namely domesticated pepper, capsicum annuum. Capsicum crop is very sensitive to frost conditions.
As we said before that it is has similar requirements of farm management practices of chilli, capsicum requires similar agro climatic conditions just like chilli. This species is widely grown throughout the world, but especially in warm temperate to tropical climates, for its edible fruit the sweet and chilli peppers. Mexico, as center of domestication and genetic diversity of c. Capsicum farming colored, bell pepper cultivation tips. Seeds was brought to europe and capsicum annuum began to be planted extensively in portuguese colonies in africa, india and asia. Introduction belongs to family solanaceae originate from south and central america popular countries china, turkey, nigeria, mexico, spain, u.
Bell pepper plant cultivar, capsicum annuum britannica. Welcome greenhouse cultivation of capsicum navjot singh dept. Capsicum annuum is a species native to southern north america and northern south america. Unique characteristics of capsicum annuum as the most commonly cultivated and popular species of capsicum, this particular variety can sometimes be difficult to separate from other cultivated species with a similar appearance. The plants database includes the following 2 subspecies of capsicum annuum. Capsicum annuum plant finder missouri botanical garden.
A pepper production grey line and squares, in million tons and cultivation area black line with white circles, in million ha worldwide from 1998 until 2017. Their name comes from the greek word kapto which means to bite or to swallow. Capsicum is the name of the genus of the flowering plants and their fruit that we know and eat as bell peppers or just peppers. The influence of various biochars on crop yield and disease resistance of capsicum annuum l. Phylogenetic relationships between species have been investigated using biogeographical, morphological, chemosystematic, hybridization, and genetic data. While this species does produce small white flowers its main attraction is the fruit which appears after flowering, that we all know so well.
It contains large amounts of carotenoids, including capsanthin and capsorubin. It is chiefly applied topically, either in patches or in ointment form. Consumption and cultivation of hot peppers is increasing due to the fact that it is now known to be rich more. Capsicum annuum is a shortlived, evergreen perennial plant that is usually grown as an annual. Capsicum species are native to the tropical and temperate americas and distributed from mexico to brazil, paraguay. Capsicum capsicum annuum, benefits, nutrition, and side. Capsicum annuum is an evergreen perennial growing to 1 m 3ft 3in by 1 m 3ft 3in at a medium rate. Capsicum production technologies climate soil varieties. Their popularity continues to grow across the world due to their ease of cultivation, frequently sharp taste and attractive.
Practice good cultivation and provide adequate moisture. B production in million tons of pepper in the 10 most producing countries in 2017. Peppers are important ingredients in the diets of several communities throughout the world. They are grown as annuals in most areas of the united states. Day neutral plant sweet pepper is also popularly known as capsicum in india and rarely bell pepper. It is in leaf all year, in flower from july to september, and the seeds ripen from august to october. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs. Introduction floridasthirdmostvaluablevegetablecropissweetpepper capsicumannuuml. Capsicum cultivation bell pepper information guide. Capsicum annuum, pepper, is a member of the solanaceae, the family which includes several other important vegetable plants such as potato and tomato. Multiple lines of evidence for the origin of domesticated.
Capsicum annuum by species hot pepper seeds products. Variations in the fruit morphological features of capsicum annuum varieties were studied. The total carotenoid content was reported to exceed 700. Capsicum annuum is grown as an annual plant indoors, although its a perennial when grown in the correct conditions. When allowed to mature on the plant, most varieties turn red and sweeter and increase in vitamin a and c content. Biochar potential in intensive cultivation of capsicum. Fruit morphology as taxonomic features in five varieties. Capsicum cultivation is very popular in periurban production systems. Harvest fruits of mild peppers when they are green or redripe. Colored capsicum which also knows as sweet pepper or bell pepper is one of the important highvalue vegetable crops cultivated in greenhouses and to some extent under shade net house in milder climatic regions like bangalore, pune, etc. Fruits of capsicum can vary tremendously in color, shape, and size both between and.
Capsicum history origins and history of pepper fruits. Updated for itis by the flora of north america expertise network, in connection with an update for usda plants 20072010 reference for. The yield of capsicum varies depending upon variety and the method of cultivation. Chilli capsicum annuum cultivation, diseases, breeding. Capsicum consists of 2027 species, five of which are domesticated. There are different types of peppers, and we used them as food vegetables, spices, and in medicine. Research morphological characterization of capsicum. Multiple lines of evidence for the origin of domesticated chili pepper, capsicum annuum, in mexico kraig h. Capsicum is commonly known as red pepper or chili pepper that is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family solanaceae with approximately 35 species, comprises the wellknown sweet and hot chili peppers and several wild species 1. Organic vegetable farming income, profit, cost, yield. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. The best temperature for capsicum cultivation is 22c to 25c. Many cultivars are available, including bell peppers, sweet peppers and hot peppers.